ELECTRICAL LOAD AND IT'S TYPE

Electrical load- 

Electrical load is the part of electrical power system for which whole electrical power system is designed.

Electrical load is a system or a component for power system which draws or consumes electrical power in the form of electrical current or voltage that may be AC or DC that means with frequency or without frequency and convert it to another form. which is use full for the human  or creature.

Example- (1) Tube-light, Incandescent Light, CFL Light, LED light etc. All these load takes electrical energy in the form of voltage and current and convert it in to  light form.

                 (2) Motors- Different types of motors are like Induction motors, DC motors, Synchronous Motors and all types of other motors are electrical load Because it consumes electrical energy  in the form of voltage and current and convert it in to Mechanical form. which is used to do some useful work for human or creature.

OR 

Electrical Load can be classified as a transducer which converts electrical energy in to some another form of useful energy.

Types of Electrical load-

(A) On the basis of Nature of load-  

(1) Resistive Load.-  Resistive load is electrical load which resists flow of electrical current and converts it in to thermal form which is used to produce light and to generate heat.  

-In resistive load voltage and currents are in phase.

INCANDESCENT BULB

WATER HEATER ROD

Example- Light, Oven, Toaster, Space Heater. 

(2) Inductive Load. - Inductive Load is the load which converts electrical energy in to magnetic field and uses this field for use full work.

-In inductive load voltage and currents are in 90 degree out of phase that means current 90 degree lags behind the voltage. 

Example- All types of Transformer, All types of Motor- All this equipment uses magnetic field to do the useful work.

WATER PUMP (MOTOR)

FAN 

(3) Capacitive Load. - Capacitive Load is the load which converts electrical energy in to the form of charge or store the charge and uses this charge for use full work.

-In practice there is no stand alone capacitive load. 

-In capacitive load voltage and currents are in 90 degree out of phase that means here current 90 degree leads behind the voltage.

Example- Capacitor Bank - used for power factor correction (power quality improvement.)

CAPACITOR BANK

(B) On the basis of its Use-

(1) Domestic Load- Domestic loads basically includes home appliances like single phase fan, tube lights, CFL lights, LED lights, refrigerator, cooler, tv, computer, water pump, mixer grinder, oven,  washing machine, heater, geyser.

                    TUBELIGHT         INCANDESCENT BULB, CFL BULB, LED BULB

-In this type of load we do not have to maintain POWER FACTOR and this load does not depend much more in frequency.

(2) Industrial Load- The industrial load might be further classified into 

-small industrial load

-medium industrial load

-heavy industrial load

and the basic load in this all types of load are induction motors. which contributes approximately 70 percent of the total loads. This load mostly effect the power system generation because it consumes large amount of power so all industries has to maintain the power qualities in their premises.

INDUSTRIAL LOAD

-This types of load depends up on the frequency and industry has to maintain POWER FACTOR at high.

(3) Commercial Load- It consists of fans, air conditioners, printer, computers, lights, sound system and number of electrical appliances which are used to set up the commercial complex or building. 

Examples- Shopping Mall, Shopping Complex.

COMMERCIAL COMPLEX

(4) Urban Traction Load-  Urban traction contains all types of transportation vehicles which used for public transportation like rails, metro rails, tram cars and now a days electric vehicles and its charging stations.

TRAM CARS

METRO RAIL

(5) Municipal Load- This type of load includes load for street lighting, water supply etc. So it is necessary to provide separate distributors for street lighting just to provide switching at specific time.

STREET LIGHT

-The load on the water supply is the pumping of water into the upper tanks. It is generally possible to accommodate this load during off-peak system hours, which typically occur during the night.

(6) Irrigation Load- The load of the tube wells utilized for water system may comprise a significant portion of the system load. For certain area it is more than industrial load. It is an overall practice to supply tube-well feeders during night.

TUBE WELL